{"id":2549,"date":"2025-08-19T11:40:20","date_gmt":"2025-08-19T09:40:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/?p=2549"},"modified":"2025-08-20T14:12:13","modified_gmt":"2025-08-20T12:12:13","slug":"%d9%85%d9%81%d9%87%d9%88%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d8%b1-%d8%b9%d9%86%d8%af-%d9%83%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%b7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%b9%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%af\/3-%d9%83%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%b7\/%d9%85%d9%81%d9%87%d9%88%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d8%b1-%d8%b9%d9%86%d8%af-%d9%83%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%b7\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"intro-text\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"color: #5ab161;\"><strong>1. \u0628\u0650\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0638\u0631\u0650 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0643\u0648\u0628\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637\u060c \u0641\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u064f\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064b\u0627\u060c 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\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0651<sup>1<\/sup>.<\/strong>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a class=\"btn btn-default\" href=\"http:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Das-boese-arabisch.pdf\">\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h4 dir=\"rtl\">\u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u201c\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u201d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u201c\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u064f\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621\u064e\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0647\u064a\u0651 (KrV, B XVII). \u0641\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0651\u062f \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0647\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0651.<\/h4>\n<h4 dir=\"rtl\">\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0651 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0636\u062d\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u201c\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0635\u201d (KrV B XVI \u0648 B XXII) \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u064d \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637\u061b \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0651 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0646\u064f\u0642\u0644\u062a \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0633. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0621 \u0627\u0650\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0642 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0628 \u201c\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633\u201d \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644<sup>2<\/sup>. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629.<\/h4>\n<blockquote class=\"pullquote align-right\">\n<h4><span style=\"color: #5ab161;\"><strong><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1562 alignleft\" src=\"http:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"42\" height=\"30\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/2.png 125w, https:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/2-120x86.png 120w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 42px) 100vw, 42px\" \/><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #5ab161;\">\u0628\u0650\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0638\u0631\u0650 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0643\u0648\u0628\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637\u060c \u0641\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u064f\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644.<\/span><span style=\"color: #5ab161;\"><strong><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1560 alignright\" src=\"http:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"42\" height=\"30\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/1.png 125w, https:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/1-120x86.png 120w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 42px) 100vw, 42px\" \/><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h4 dir=\"rtl\">\u064a\u0646\u0635\u0628\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u0623\u0646 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https:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/2-120x86.png 120w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 42px) 100vw, 42px\" \/><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #5ab161;\">\u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0628\u0646\u062a\u0633 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0645\u064f\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645: \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u064e\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0651 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dir=\"rtl\">\u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0628\u0646\u062a\u0633 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0645\u064f\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645:<\/h4>\n<h4 dir=\"rtl\">\u201c\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u064e\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0651 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u061b 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\u0627\u0644\u062b\u064a\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0636\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0651\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645. \u064a\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u201d\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062f\u0648 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u0637\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647\u201d<sup>10<\/sup>.<\/h4>\n<h4 dir=\"rtl\">\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627: \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c: \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 (\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647 (\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643)\u061b \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0628 \u062c\u0647\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649: \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064f\u0648\u063a\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u064b\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629)\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627.<\/h4>\n<h4 dir=\"rtl\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2270\" src=\"http:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/luis-vaz-9RIFeVL73sk-unsplash-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"2560\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/luis-vaz-9RIFeVL73sk-unsplash-scaled.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/luis-vaz-9RIFeVL73sk-unsplash-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/luis-vaz-9RIFeVL73sk-unsplash-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/luis-vaz-9RIFeVL73sk-unsplash-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/luis-vaz-9RIFeVL73sk-unsplash-1536x2048.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/h4>\n<h4 dir=\"rtl\">\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u0651\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u064a\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u201c\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u0631\u0651\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u0631\u0651\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u201d<sup>11<\/sup>.<\/h4>\n<h4 dir=\"rtl\">\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u064a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u201c\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627\u201d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0647\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0639\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u064f\u0646\u062d\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a <sup>12<\/sup>. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u201c\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0639\u0645\u0629\u201d<sup>13<\/sup>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0639\u0641\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637\u0647 (\u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0629)<sup>14<\/sup>\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u064f\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u062a\u201d \u0623\u0648 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u201d<sup>15<\/sup>.<\/h4>\n<blockquote class=\"pullquote align-left\">\n<h4><span style=\"color: #5ab161;\"><strong><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1562 alignleft\" src=\"http:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"42\" height=\"30\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/2.png 125w, https:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/2-120x86.png 120w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 42px) 100vw, 42px\" \/><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #5ab161;\">\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0651 \u062d\u0635\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u201d<sup>17<\/sup>\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643: \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632<\/span><span style=\"color: #5ab161;\"><strong><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1560 alignright\" src=\"http:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"42\" height=\"30\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/1.png 125w, https:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/1-120x86.png 120w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 42px) 100vw, 42px\" \/><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h4 dir=\"rtl\">\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u064f\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u064f\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0640 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u201d \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0651\u062f \u062b\u063a\u0631\u0629<sup>16<\/sup>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u0645\u0651\u0647 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0644: \u201c\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0649 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u062a \u0623\u062c\u062f\u201d (\u0631\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 7: 18\u061b B22) \u0623\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a\u062a\u062c\u0633\u0651\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0635\u201d. \u0623\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u062b \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u201c\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0651\u201d.<\/h4>\n<h4 dir=\"rtl\">\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647\u060c \u0625\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0651\u0642 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 (\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0639\u064a \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0651 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0649 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d)\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u064e\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0635\u0651\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0627 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\u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0651 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0634\u0631\u0651\u064a\u0631\u0629\u201d<sup>23<\/sup>\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0651\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0623\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637\u060c \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0623 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u201d<sup>24<\/sup>.<\/h4>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #5ab161;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1. I. Kant, Kritik der reinen Vernunft, Hamburg 1976, B VII u.\u00f6. Zit. als KrV.<\/p>\n<p>2. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: I. Kant, Grundlegung zur Metaphysik der Sitten, Riga 1786 (2. Auflage).<\/p>\n<p>3. I. Kant, Die Religion innerhalb der Grenzen der blo\u00dfen Vernunft, Hamburg 1978, B 297. Zit. als RGV. \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u201c\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u201d (I. Kant, Kritik der praktischen Vernunft, Hamburg 1951, A 9. Zit. als KpV.<\/p>\n<p>4. Kant, RGV, B 157ff.; B 167ff.<\/p>\n<p>5. Kant, RGV, B 138..<\/p>\n<p>6. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u063a\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642<\/p>\n<p>7. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0625\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629. \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647: Kant and Radical Evil, in: The University of Toronto Quarterly (1954), 339\u2013353).<\/p>\n<p>8. G. W. Leibniz, Die Theodizee. \u00dcbersetzt von J. H. v. Kirchmann, Berlin 2003. \u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0627\u064a\u0628\u0632\u064a\u063a 1897\u060c \u0635.19<\/p>\n<p>9. G. Picht, \u00dcber das B\u00f6se, in: Ders., Philosophieren nach Auschwitz und Hiroshima Bd. II, Stuttgart 1981, 490 zit. Kant, \u00dcber das Misslingen aller philosophischen Versuche in der Theodicee, nach der Akademie-Ausgabe Bd. 8, 255.<\/p>\n<p>10. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635: 194 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>11. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 RGV, B 36: \u201c\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0646\u0639\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0621 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629.\u201d (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635). \u0644\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0631\u0651\u0642 \u0623. \u0648. \u0648\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0645. \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647: (Kant and Religion, Cambridge 2020, 139\u2013163). Mit einer Lehre vom unfreien Willen ist Kants Ethik jedenfalls nicht kompatibel (vgl. ebd., 153).<\/p>\n<p>12. Kant, RGV, B 296ff.<\/p>\n<p>13. \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u201c\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629\u201d \u201c\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062e\u0651\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0629\u201d (RGV, B 298). \u0648\u062b\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u201c\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0639\u0645\u0629\u201d \u0648\u201d\u0648\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u201d (B 203).<\/p>\n<p>14. Kant, RGV, B 63.<\/p>\n<p>15. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u201c\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627\u201d\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u201c\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629 (RGV, B 138f)\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>16. Picht, \u00dcber das B\u00f6se, 194.<\/p>\n<p>17. \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0651\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 2\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0636\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>18. \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u0639\u0646 \u201c\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u201d (Akademie-Ausgabe Bd. 6, A 791)<\/p>\n<p>19. \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 12: 21.<\/p>\n<p>20. Kant, RGV, B 3\u201364<\/p>\n<p>21. J. Habermas, Vern\u00fcnftige Freiheit [Auch eine Geschichte der Philosophie Bd. 2], Berlin 2019, 328. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635. 923. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635. 033\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><strong><span style=\"color: #5ab161;\">\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0628\u0631<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0638\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0647\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632 \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0646\u062a\u0633\u0641\u0627\u064a\u063a\u060c \u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0633.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1. \u0628\u0650\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0638\u0631\u0650 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0643\u0648\u0628\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637\u060c \u0641\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u064f\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644. \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u0631 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":2270,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"subtitle":"\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646 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