{"id":2396,"date":"2025-08-14T15:32:40","date_gmt":"2025-08-14T13:32:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/?p=2396"},"modified":"2025-08-21T12:28:28","modified_gmt":"2025-08-21T10:28:28","slug":"%d9%85%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b0%d9%8a-%d8%a8%d9%82%d9%8a-%d9%85%d9%86-%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b7%d9%86%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a%d9%91","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%b9%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%af\/3-%d9%83%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%b7\/%d9%85%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b0%d9%8a-%d8%a8%d9%82%d9%8a-%d9%85%d9%86-%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b7%d9%86%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a%d9%91\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0628\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629\u061f  \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064f\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"intro-text\">\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"color: #5ab161;\"><strong>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0642\u0647\u064f \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064e\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0651\u0639 \u0628\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u064d \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<h5 dir=\"rtl\"><a class=\"btn btn-default\" href=\"http:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Was-bleibt-vom-Weltbuergerrecht-arabisch.pdf\">\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644<\/a><\/h5>\n<\/div>\n<h4 dir=\"rtl\">\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0640\u201d\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u201d (1795)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0651 (1797) \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0651\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0624\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 (\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: vgl. 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\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631\u0647 (R\u00f6lli 2011).<\/h4>\n<h4 dir=\"rtl\">\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0651 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u201c\u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631\u0647\u201d (H\u00f6ffe 2020)\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u0651\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0650\u0628\u0644 \u0643\u064f\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c 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srcset=\"https:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/2.png 125w, https:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/2-120x86.png 120w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 42px) 100vw, 42px\" \/><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #5ab161;\">\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0650 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u064f\u0645\u064c \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064f\u0631\u0651\u064a\u0651\u0629, \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u064f\u0645\u064c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u064f\u062d\u0631\u0650\u0643\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647<\/span><span style=\"color: #5ab161;\"><strong><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1560 alignright\" src=\"http:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"42\" height=\"30\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/1.png 125w, https:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/1-120x86.png 120w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 42px) 100vw, 42px\" \/><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h4 dir=\"rtl\">\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629\u064b \u064a\u064f\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064f\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0650\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u064e\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u0651\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0643\u0648\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0651 \u0644\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 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\u0648\u0633\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0640 \u201c\u0646\u0639\u0645\u201d\u060c \u0648\u201d\u0644\u0627\u201d \u0648\u201d\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0637\u201d.<\/h4>\n<h4 dir=\"rtl\">\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0631 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637. \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0651\u0639 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0651 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632. \u0648\u062d\u064a\u062b\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0651\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0641\u0651\u0632\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0634\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0648\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u063a\u064a\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u062c\u062c \u0639\u0635\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627. \u0648\u062d\u064a\u062b\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637\u064a\u0651 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062f\u0651 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0651\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/h4>\n<h4 dir=\"rtl\">\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629<sup>5<\/sup>. \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0647\u0648: \u201c\u062d\u0642\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064b\u0627\u201d (VIII: 358)<sup>6<\/sup>. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u201c\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u201d (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647) \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u201c\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636\u201d (VI: 352). \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u201c\u064a\u0636\u0631\u0651 \u0628\u0647\u201d (VIII: 358). \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0648\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0641\u0648\u062c\u0626\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0647\u060c \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644: \u201c\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u064f\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u064a\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u201d (VIII: 357).<\/h4>\n<blockquote class=\"pullquote align-left\">\n<h4><span style=\"color: #5ab161;\"><strong><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1562 alignleft\" src=\"http:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"42\" height=\"30\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/2.png 125w, https:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/2-120x86.png 120w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 42px) 100vw, 42px\" \/><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #5ab161;\">\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0650 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629\u0650 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0650\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629, \u064a\u064f\u062d\u0642\u0651\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064f \u0636\u0628\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0651\u0628\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0651\u0629, \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0650 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627.<\/span><span style=\"color: #5ab161;\"><strong><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1560 alignright\" src=\"http:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"42\" height=\"30\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/1.png 125w, https:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/1-120x86.png 120w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 42px) 100vw, 42px\" \/><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h4 dir=\"rtl\">\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0642\u064a\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0646\u064d \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u064a\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u0642\u0651\u0642 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629:<\/h4>\n<h4 dir=\"rtl\">\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0631\u0641\u0636\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0636 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631\u061b \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f. \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u064f\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/h4>\n<h4 dir=\"rtl\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u064f\u0639\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u064a\u0646\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064d \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b (\u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0651). \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u064a\u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u0633\u0651\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646 (Stilz 2014)\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0651\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064f\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 (Niesen 2007)\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0645 \u0628\u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0651\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0651\u0643\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0637\u0651\u0646\u0647\u0645 (Flikschuh 2017b). \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0651.<\/h4>\n<h4 dir=\"rtl\">\u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0651\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0639\u064f\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649: \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/h4>\n<h4 dir=\"rtl\">\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0646\u063a\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0651\u064e\u0647\u0628\u064a\u0651\u201d \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0634 (Zorn 2021)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 (1). \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062f\u062d\u0636 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631. \u0641\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u064a\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0651\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (2).<\/h4>\n<h4 dir=\"rtl\">\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u064f\u0641\u0643\u0651\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u064f\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0643\u0651\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631! \u0648\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b (3). \u0641\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651\u062a\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u064f\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/h4>\n<blockquote class=\"pullquote align-left\">\n<h4><span style=\"color: #5ab161;\"><strong><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1562 alignleft\" src=\"http:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"42\" height=\"30\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/2.png 125w, https:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/2-120x86.png 120w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 42px) 100vw, 42px\" \/><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #5ab161;\">\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0631 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637<\/span><span style=\"color: #5ab161;\"><strong><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1560 alignright\" src=\"http:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"42\" height=\"30\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/1.png 125w, https:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/1-120x86.png 120w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 42px) 100vw, 42px\" \/><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h4 dir=\"rtl\"><strong>1 &#8211;<\/strong>\u00a0\u062a\u062a\u0645\u0633\u0651\u0643 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0646\u063a\u0644\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064d \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u064d \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0651\u062a \u0639\u064f\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0650\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064f\u062c\u0651\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u064a\u064f\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0651\u0629 (Kleingeld 2007). \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646\u063a \u0644\u0648-\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0628\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 (Lu-Adler 2023: 79-84). \u0641\u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0651\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 (Kleingeld 2014: 48f.; Eberl 2019). \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064f\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064f\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0650\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u064e\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u064f\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0648\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062f\u0651\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064f\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0642\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0629 (\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 Kleingeld 2007: 577-582). \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629\u201d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u064a \u0645\u0636\u0644\u0651\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0636\u0651\u062d \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064f\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u0651.<\/h4>\n<h4 dir=\"rtl\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2304\" src=\"http:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/abstract-2399765-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1950\" height=\"2560\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/abstract-2399765-scaled.jpg 1950w, https:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/abstract-2399765-229x300.jpg 229w, https:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/abstract-2399765-780x1024.jpg 780w, https:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/abstract-2399765-768x1008.jpg 768w, https:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/abstract-2399765-1170x1536.jpg 1170w, https:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/abstract-2399765-1560x2048.jpg 1560w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1950px) 100vw, 1950px\" \/><\/h4>\n<h4 dir=\"rtl\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u0623\u0635\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0651 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\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629\u201d\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u064a\u0651 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0651\u0649 \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u201c\u0632\u0631\u0639\u201d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064f\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064f\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 (II: 442). \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u062f\u0651\u0639\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u064f\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u064f\u0642\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u064f\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u064f\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062b\u0642 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0651\u0639\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 (VIII: 173).<\/h4>\n<h4 dir=\"rtl\">\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0650\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644 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\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064f\u0651\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064b\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0648\u0646\u201d (IX: 316). \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1788 \u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u201c\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0626\u0629\u201d \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0651\u060c 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\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0651\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0646\u063a\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u062d\u062a\u0651\u0649 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u0645\u0641\u0643\u0651\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u0643\u0651\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0635\u0628\u0651 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u201d.<\/h4>\n<h4 dir=\"rtl\">\u201c\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0635\u064a\u063a\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 (\u062d\u062a\u0651\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0644\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0647\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u201d (Kleingeld 2007: 576, 584)<sup>11<\/sup>. \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0639\u064f\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u062a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u064f\u062a\u0633\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u062f. \u062d\u062a\u0651\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u0651\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0639\u064f\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0650\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0632 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0632\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0628\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0651\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629: \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u201c\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u201d \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0636\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u061f \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0648\u063a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0651(Mills 2005; 2018; zur Einordnung Huseyinzadegan 2022).<\/h4>\n<blockquote class=\"pullquote align-left\">\n<h4><span style=\"color: #5ab161;\"><strong><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1562 alignleft\" src=\"http:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"42\" height=\"30\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/2.png 125w, https:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/2-120x86.png 120w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 42px) 100vw, 42px\" \/><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #5ab161;\">\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064f\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0631\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0640 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629\u201d \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/span><span style=\"color: #5ab161;\"><strong><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1560 alignright\" src=\"http:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"42\" height=\"30\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/1.png 125w, https:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/1-120x86.png 120w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 42px) 100vw, 42px\" \/><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h4 dir=\"rtl\">\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0651 \u062d\u0633\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0641\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0644 \u0647\u0648: \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0651 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u0648\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629<sup>12<\/sup>. \u0641\u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0651 \u0647\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u064f\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u201c\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u062a\u0647\u0645\u201d \u0634\u0631\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u201c\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629\u201d (VI: 237). \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 (Niesen 2005: 52-60). \u0641\u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a 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\u063a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u062a\u0627 \u062f\u0647\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u0646\u0633 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0632. \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u063a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u201d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u064a\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 -\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631- \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0645\u0645\u0647\u0651\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631.<\/h4>\n<blockquote class=\"pullquote align-left\">\n<h4><span style=\"color: #5ab161;\"><strong><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1562 alignleft\" src=\"http:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"42\" height=\"30\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/2.png 125w, https:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/2-120x86.png 120w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 42px) 100vw, 42px\" \/><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #5ab161;\">\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631<\/span><span style=\"color: #5ab161;\"><strong><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1560 alignright\" src=\"http:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"42\" height=\"30\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/1.png 125w, https:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/1-120x86.png 120w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 42px) 100vw, 42px\" \/><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h4 dir=\"rtl\">\u062a\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u063a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u201d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u201c\u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629\u201d \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0651\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u201c\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629\u201d\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629\u061b \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0645\u0624\u064a\u0651\u062f \u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0641\u0636\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0644\u0647. \u0641\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0651\u0641\u0647 \u064a\u0642\u0641 \u201c\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0626\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629\u201d<sup>15<\/sup> (Gani 2017: 439). \u0648\u062a\u0644\u062c\u0645 \u063a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064b\u0627. \u062a\u0641\u0633\u0651\u0631 \u063a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629: \u201c\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0631\u064e \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u201d (Gani 2017: 443f).<\/h4>\n<h4 dir=\"rtl\">\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0635 \u0636\u062f\u0651 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645. \u0641\u0640 \u0628\u0650\u0646 \u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637\u064a\u0651 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629\u201d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062c\u0648\u0628 (Benhabib 2008: 47). \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629\u064b \u0628\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f\u0629 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\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0651\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u064e\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0651\u0649 \u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0647\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0646\u063a\u064a\u0644\u062f (2014: 61)\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u062d\u0642\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u00a0 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 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class=\"pullquote align-left\">\n<h4><span style=\"color: #5ab161;\"><strong><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1562 alignleft\" src=\"http:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"42\" height=\"30\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/2.png 125w, https:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/2-120x86.png 120w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 42px) 100vw, 42px\" \/><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #5ab161;\">\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0631 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637.<\/span><span style=\"color: #5ab161;\"><strong><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1560 alignright\" src=\"http:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"42\" height=\"30\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/1.png 125w, https:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/1-120x86.png 120w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 42px) 100vw, 42px\" \/><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h4 dir=\"rtl\">\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0623\u0635\u0644\u064b\u0627\u00a0 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 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\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062b (2018) \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u062c\u062f\u0651\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642\u0651\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646.<\/h4>\n<h4 dir=\"rtl\">\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 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VI: 266). \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 ( \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651\u062a\u0647 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645. \u201c\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064f\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646 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\u0627\u0644\u0623\u064f\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u064a \u0644\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 (VIII: 347; VI: 247; Brandt 1982). \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062d\u062a\u0651\u0649 \u201c\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0634\u064a\u0646) \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u201d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 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(VI: 266).<\/h4>\n<h4 dir=\"rtl\">\u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0650 \u0635\u0650\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629\u0650 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u064f\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062c\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 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\u0645\u064f\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648 \u0648\u0633\u0645\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u062b\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0651\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 (Pitts 2006). \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 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\u0645\u0650\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0651\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u064e\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u064e\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0635\u0650\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0641\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0651\u0629 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0651 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\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0636\u062f \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a\u201d \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0650\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 (Valdez 2017: 824).<\/h4>\n<h4 dir=\"rtl\">\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 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width=\"42\" height=\"30\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/2.png 125w, https:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/2-120x86.png 120w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 42px) 100vw, 42px\" \/><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #5ab161;\">\u0625\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0645\u064e\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u064e\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u062d\u064f\u062c\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632.<\/span><span style=\"color: #5ab161;\"><strong><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1560 alignright\" src=\"http:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"42\" height=\"30\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/1.png 125w, https:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/1-120x86.png 120w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 42px) 100vw, 42px\" \/><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h4 dir=\"rtl\">\u0648\u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0632 \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0646\u063a\u0644\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a \u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0646. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0646\u060c 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src=\"http:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"42\" height=\"30\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/2.png 125w, https:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/2-120x86.png 120w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 42px) 100vw, 42px\" \/><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #5ab161;\">\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u062d\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0651 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/span><span style=\"color: #5ab161;\"><strong><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1560 alignright\" src=\"http:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"42\" height=\"30\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/1.png 125w, https:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/1-120x86.png 120w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 42px) 100vw, 42px\" \/><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h4 dir=\"rtl\">\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0644 \u0628\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641\u0647 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\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1788\u060c \u064a\u0624\u0643\u0651\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0648\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0629 (VIII: 174 fn.).<\/h4>\n<h4 dir=\"rtl\">\u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u0651\u062f \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0641 \u0645\u064e\u0639 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XXV: 1175f.)\u061b \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0643\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u064a\u0651 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0651\u0641 \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0648\u062f\u201d \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u062d\u0643\u0645 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\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0651\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643. \u064a\u0635\u0648\u063a \u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u201c\u062e\u0645\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u064f\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064e\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064d \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629\u201d (McCarthy 2015: 48).<\/h4>\n<blockquote class=\"pullquote align-left\">\n<h4><span style=\"color: #5ab161;\"><strong><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1562 alignleft\" src=\"http:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"42\" height=\"30\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/2.png 125w, https:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/2-120x86.png 120w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 42px) 100vw, 42px\" \/><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #5ab161;\">\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0651\u0639 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u064f\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u064e\u0646 \u201c\u062e\u0650\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0651\u201d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637.<\/span><span style=\"color: #5ab161;\"><strong><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1560 alignright\" src=\"http:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"42\" height=\"30\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/1.png 125w, https:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/1-120x86.png 120w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 42px) 100vw, 42px\" \/><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h4 dir=\"rtl\">\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u064a\u0636\u0639 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0640 \u201c\u0642\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629\u201d \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0623\u0646 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 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\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0651\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a\u0647\u061f<sup>24<\/sup> \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0648-\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0651\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u201c\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0648\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u201d (Lu-Adler 2023: 228). \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u064a\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 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\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2007 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0650\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0650\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u063a\u0648\u062a\u0647\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1998\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2005. \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2011 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a- \u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637: \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062f\u064a\/ \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0637\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651. \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u062e\u0651\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2023.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<ol>\n<li dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u00a0\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0651\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u064f\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651 \u0645\u064f\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0651\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u00a0\u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u064a\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u062d\u0642\u0651 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644: \u201c\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0646\u064a\u0632\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0644\u0651\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0651 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u064a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u201d (2017: 434). \u0644\u0642\u062f \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u00a0\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0644\u0627 1997. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0647\u064a\u0631\u0628 2018. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 (\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 Eberl 2021: 316-364).<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u00a0\u062b\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629: \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 (\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644: 08 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632 2023) <a href=\"https:\/\/northamericankantsociety.org\/resources-on-Kant-race-and-racism%22%20%5Ct%20%22_blank\">https:\/\/northamericankantsociety.org\/resources-on-Kant-race-and-racism<\/a><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u00a0\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 Eberl\/Niesen 2011: 114-118, 251-269. \u0633\u0623\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u0651\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 (Niesen 2017). \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 Ripstein 2021: 266-269).<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u00a0\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0651\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u00a0\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647 \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0637\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644: (Kraut: 2002 277-305).<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0647\u0648: \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0645\u064a\u0644 (\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 Schefczyk 2017).<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u00a0\u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0646\u063a\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u062c\u062c \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0644 (2019) \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0648 (2013: 181).<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0646\u063a\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a 2011.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u00a0\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u062e\u0651\u0635 \u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0647 (2016: 5-6) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u0648\u201d\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629\u201d. \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646\u063a \u0644\u0648-\u0622\u062f\u0644\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0644\u0648-\u0622\u062f\u0644\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629: \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0643 (1997)\u060c \u0646\u064a\u0632\u0646 (2005)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0648\u0633 (1992).<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u00a0\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0644\u062f 1981 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0651 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0648 2022.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u00a0\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u201c\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0651\u201d \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 (\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1994). \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0631\u062f\u0651 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 (\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 VIII: 360). \u0641\u0631\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0642\u0634\u062a \u0647\u0646\u0627.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\">15. \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u00a0\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u062f\u0651 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0651\u0631 \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062f\u062d\u0636\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u201d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0636\u0651\u062d \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644. (VIII: 344, 347; vgl. auch Niesen 2014).<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u00a0\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u062f\u0651 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0628\u0631\u0651\u0631 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062f\u062d\u0636\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u201d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0636\u0651\u062d \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064f\u0648\u0644. (VIII: 344, 347; vgl. auch Niesen 2014).<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u00a0\u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0644\u0648\u062f\u0646 (2002: 97) \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0648\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062b \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u0636\u062f\u0651 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0637\u201d\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u201c\u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0634\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u201d (VIII: 359).<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u00a0\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 Niesen 2012: 07. \u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0636 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u0651\u062f \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646. \u0641\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637\u060c \u201c\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0648\u0641 [\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646] \u0648\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u064a: \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c (VIII: 359) \u2013 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651 (Williams 2007; Reinhardt 2019: 120-124)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0644\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0646\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0651\u064d \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064d\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0631\u0651\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0651 \u0645\u064f\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0629.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u00a0\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0651\u0644 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u201c\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627\u201d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064f\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0644\u0648-\u0622\u062f\u0644\u0631 2023.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u00a0\u0630\u064f\u0643\u0631\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0644\u064a\u0646- \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0631\u063a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0627\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631: <a href=\"https:\/\/webarchive.bbaw.de\/default\/20210108100620\/http:\/kant.bbaw.de\/base.htm\/geo_base.htm%22%20%5Ct%20%22_blank\">https:\/\/webarchive.bbaw.de\/default\/20210108100620\/http:\/kant.bbaw.de\/base.htm\/geo_base.htm<\/a> \u00a9Werner Stark<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0651 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u0651\u062a. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0651 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0651\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0650\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0623\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 (VIII: 372ff\u061b \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0648\u0633 1992).<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\">. \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a \u0628\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u062d\u064f\u062c\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u064f\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0629: \u201c\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0634\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u0635\u0651\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629 &#8230; \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0650\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u064f\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u0645\u0650\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u064e\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u201c\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0651\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 (McCarthy 2015: 111-112).<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\">\u00a0\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0646 2016.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0642\u0647\u064f \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064e\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0651\u0639 \u0628\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u064d \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0640\u201d\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u201d (1795)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0651 (1797) \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0651\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 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