{"id":2376,"date":"2025-08-14T15:35:13","date_gmt":"2025-08-14T13:35:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/?p=2376"},"modified":"2025-08-21T14:54:33","modified_gmt":"2025-08-21T12:54:33","slug":"__trashed-2__trashed","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%b9%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%af\/3-%d9%83%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%b7\/__trashed-2__trashed\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a &#8230; \u0639\u0634\u0631\u064f \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"intro-text\">\n<p dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #5ab161;\">\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u063a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 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\u201c\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u064f\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629\u201d \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a<sup>5<\/sup>. <span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n<blockquote class=\"pullquote align-left\">\n<h4><span style=\"color: #5ab161;\"><strong><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1562 alignleft\" src=\"http:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"42\" height=\"30\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/2.png 125w, https:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/2-120x86.png 120w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 42px) 100vw, 42px\" \/><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #5ab161;\">\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0648 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064f\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629.<\/span><span style=\"color: #5ab161;\"><strong><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1560 alignright\" src=\"http:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"42\" height=\"30\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/1.png 125w, https:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/1-120x86.png 120w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 42px) 100vw, 42px\" \/><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h4 dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #5ab161;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649:<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 dir=\"rtl\"><b>\u0625<\/b>\u0646 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u064f\u0624\u0643\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a 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\u0644\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627.<\/h4>\n<blockquote class=\"pullquote align-left\">\n<h4><span style=\"color: #5ab161;\"><strong><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1562 alignleft\" src=\"http:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"42\" height=\"30\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/2.png 125w, https:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/2-120x86.png 120w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 42px) 100vw, 42px\" \/><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #5ab161;\">\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637: \u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0636\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0635: \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 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srcset=\"https:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/1.png 125w, https:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/1-120x86.png 120w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 42px) 100vw, 42px\" \/><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h4 dir=\"rtl\">\u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a\u060c \u201c\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u201c<sup>9<\/sup>. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 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#5ab161;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629:<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<blockquote class=\"pullquote align-left\">\n<h4><span style=\"color: #5ab161;\"><strong><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1562 alignleft\" src=\"http:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"42\" height=\"30\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/2.png 125w, https:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/2-120x86.png 120w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 42px) 100vw, 42px\" \/><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #5ab161;\"><b>\u0625<\/b>\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u064f\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 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https:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/1-120x86.png 120w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 42px) 100vw, 42px\" \/><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h4 dir=\"rtl\">\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a &#8211; \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631, \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631. \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0648\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0648\u0641\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 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\u0623\u0631\u062b\u0648\u0630\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/h4>\n<blockquote class=\"pullquote align-left\">\n<h4><span style=\"color: #5ab161;\"><strong><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1562 alignleft\" src=\"http:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"42\" height=\"30\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/2.png 125w, https:\/\/kulturmagazin.derdivan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/2-120x86.png 120w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 42px) 100vw, 42px\" \/><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #5ab161;\">\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0647\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 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100vw, 42px\" \/><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h4 dir=\"rtl\">\u0623\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0628\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064c \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 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\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628\u201d<sup>60<\/sup>. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064f\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u201c\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0634\u062f\u064a\u0646\u201d \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0633.<\/h4>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #5ab161;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>1 &#8211; Michel Foucault, Qu\u2019est-ce que les lumi\u00e8res ? in : Dits et \u00e9crits II, Paris : Gallimard 2017, p.1499<\/p>\n<p>2 &#8211; Otfried Hoeffe, Eine republikanische Vernunft. Zur Kritik des Solipsismus-Vorwurfs, in: Kant in der Diskussion der Moderne, (Hg.) Gerhard Schoenrich und Yasuschi Kato, Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp 1997, p. 398.<\/p>\n<p>3 &#8211; Michel Foucault, Ibid., p. 1500.<\/p>\n<p>4 &#8211; Ibid., p. 1506.<\/p>\n<p>5 &#8211; Susan Neiman, Why Grow up? Subversive Thoughts for an Infantile Age, London: Penguin Books, 2016, p.51.<\/p>\n<p>6 &#8211; Abdallah Laroui, La crise des intellectuels arabes. Traditionalisme ou historicisme ? Casablanca : Centre culturel du livre 2021, p. 8.<\/p>\n<p>7 &#8211; Ibid., pp. 188-89.<\/p>\n<p>8 &#8211; Abdellah Hammoudi, Master and Disciple. The cultural foundations of Moroccan authoritarianism, Chicago &amp; London: Chicago Press 1997, p. 1.<\/p>\n<p>9 &#8211; Ibid., p. 5.<\/p>\n<p>10 &#8211; Hisham Sharabi, Neopatriarchy. A Theory of Distorted Change in Arab Society, New York- Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988, pp. 28-29.<\/p>\n<p>11 &#8211; Immanuel Kant, Ueber die Erziehung, Muenchen: dtv 1997, p. 17.<\/p>\n<p>12 &#8211; Ibid., Seiten. 16-17.<\/p>\n<p>13 &#8211; Rachid Boutayeb, Orgasmus und Gewalt. Schrift, K\u00f6rpermord und die Verdr\u00e4ngung des Weiblichen. Lettre International, 104, 2014.<\/p>\n<p>14 &#8211; Daniela Tafani. Das Recht auf unsinnige Entscheidungen: Kant gegen die neuen Paternalismen, in: Zeitschrift fuer Rechtsphilosophie, 1, 2017, S. 63.<\/p>\n<p>15 &#8211; Ibid., S. 66.<\/p>\n<p>16 &#8211; Habermas, J. Die Nachholende Revolution, Kleine politische Schriften VII. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1990, S. 219.<\/p>\n<p>17 &#8211; Otfried Hoeffe, Kants Kritik der praktischen Vernunft. Eine Philosophie der Freiheit. Muenchen: C.H. Beck 2012, S. 410.<\/p>\n<p>18 &#8211; Immanuel Kant, Kritik der reinen Vernunft, Hamburg: Felix Meiner Verlag 1998, p. 785.<\/p>\n<p>19 &#8211; Ibid., S. 789.<\/p>\n<p>20 &#8211; Ibid., S. 789.<\/p>\n<p>21 &#8211; Ibid., S. 795.<\/p>\n<p>22 &#8211; Hans Saner, Kants Weg vom Krieg zum Frieden, I. Muenchen: Piper,1967, S. 258.<\/p>\n<p>23 &#8211; Ibid., S. 264.<\/p>\n<p>24 &#8211; Hans Michael Baumgartner, Der friedenstiftende Funktion der Vernunft. Eine Skizze, in: Kant in der Diskussion der Moderne, (Hg.) Gerhard Schoenrich und Yasuschi Kato, Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp 1997, S.54.<\/p>\n<p>25 &#8211; Otfried Hoeffe, Kants Kritik der praktischen Vernunft. Eine Philosophie der Freiheit. Muenchen: C.H. Beck 2012, S. 16.<\/p>\n<p>26 &#8211; Ibid., S. 19.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">27 &#8211; \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062a\u062d\u0641\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631. \u0645\u0624\u062e\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0643\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0631. Christoph Menke, Theorie der Befreiung, 2022, pp. 30-31,. \u0625\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0643\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u064a\u063a\u0644\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0637\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629. \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u064a\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a (architext) \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c\u00a0 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u063a\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627: Zwischen Gl\u00fcck und Tragik, 2013\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0643\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0646\u060c. Gunnar Hindrichs, Philosophie der Revolution 2017\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0646\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0647\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0647\u064a\u0646: \u201c\u0642\u062f \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629\u201d! \u0625\u0646 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0644\u062c\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n<p>28 &#8211; Otfried Hoeffe, 2012, S. 47.<\/p>\n<p>29 &#8211; Ibid., S. 48.<\/p>\n<p>30 &#8211; Ibid., S. 58.<\/p>\n<p>31 &#8211; Kant, Ueber die Erziehung, S. 17.<\/p>\n<p>32 &#8211; Otfried Hoeffe, der Weltbuerger aus Koenigsberg. Immanuel Kant heute. Person und Werk, 2023, S. 322.<\/p>\n<p>33 &#8211; Marcus Willaschek, Kant. Die Revolution des Denkens. Muenchen: C.H. Beck 2023, S. 182.<\/p>\n<p>34 &#8211; Heinrich Heine, Ueber die Philosophie Immanuel Kants, in: Freidenker, Band 41, Heft 7, 1958, S. 212<\/p>\n<p>35 &#8211; Heinrich Heine, Seiten 215-216.<\/p>\n<p>36 &#8211; Manfred Kuehn, Kant, A Biography, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2002.<\/p>\n<p>37 &#8211; Kant\u2019s Philosophy of religion reconsidered, Bloomington: Indiana University Press 1991.<\/p>\n<p>38 &#8211; John Hare, Kant on the Rational Instability of Atheism, in: God and the Ethics of Belief: New Essays in the Philosophy of Religion, edited by Andrew Dole and Andrew Chignell, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2005, p. 203.<\/p>\n<p>39 &#8211; Ibid.,<\/p>\n<p>40 &#8211; Ibid., p.209<\/p>\n<p>41 &#8211; Cassirer, S. 178.<\/p>\n<p>42 &#8211; Ibid., S. 180.<\/p>\n<p>43 &#8211; Ibid., S. 215.<\/p>\n<p>44 &#8211; Ibid., S. 219.<\/p>\n<p>45 &#8211; Ibid.,<\/p>\n<p>46 &#8211; Hans Saner, Kants Weg vom Krieg zum Frieden, I. Muenchen: Piper,1967, S. 299.<\/p>\n<p>47 &#8211; Ibid., S. 300.<\/p>\n<p>48 &#8211; Abdallah Laroui, Islam et Modernit\u00e9, Paris : La d\u00e9couverte 1987, p. 127.<\/p>\n<p>49 &#8211; Hans Kueng, Josef Van Ess, Christentum und Weltreligionen. Islam, Guetersloher Verlagshaus, 1991, S.67<\/p>\n<p>50 &#8211; Ibid., S. 76<\/p>\n<p>51 &#8211; Pierre Bourdieu, Les abus de pouvoir qui s\u2019arment ou s\u2019autorisent de la raison, in : Pierre Bourdieu, Contre\u2013feux : Propos pour servir \u00e0 la r\u00e9sistance contre l\u2019invasion n\u00e9o\u2013lib\u00e9rale. Paris : Raisons d\u2019agir, 1998, pp. 25\u201326<\/p>\n<p>52 &#8211; Hans Kueng, Josef Van Ess, Ibid., S. 76<\/p>\n<p>53 &#8211; Michael Walser, The Paradox of Liberation: Secular Revolutions and Religious Counterrevolutions. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2015<\/p>\n<p>54 &#8211; Rolf Elberfeld, Kants Tugendlehre und buddhistische Uebung. Auf dem Weg zu einer kulturoffenen und kritischen Kultivierungspraxis, in: Dimensionen der Selbstkultivierung. Beitraege des Forums fuer Asiatische Philosophie, Marcus Schmuecker, Fabias Heubel (Hg.), Freiburg: Alber 2013, S. 40.<\/p>\n<p>55 &#8211; Ibid., S. 47.<\/p>\n<p>56 &#8211; Ibid.,<\/p>\n<p>57 &#8211; Sophie Nordmann, De l\u2019\u00e9thique a la religion de la raison : Hermann Cohen lecteur de Kant, in : Haskala et Aufklaerung. Philosophes juifs des Lumi\u00e8res Allemandes, Revue Germanique internationale, 9- 2009, p. 192.<\/p>\n<p>58 &#8211; Hermann Cohen, Die Religion der Vernunft aus dem Quellen des Judentums, Leipzig: Gustav Fock 1919, S. 15.<\/p>\n<p>59 &#8211; Ibid., S. 19.<\/p>\n<p>60 &#8211; Emmanuel Levinas, \u201cUne religion d\u2019adultes\u201d, in Difficile libert\u00e9 : essais sur le juda\u00efsme, Paris : libre de Poche, 1984, p. 36.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p dir=\"rtl\"><span style=\"color: #5ab161;\"><strong>\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0628<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"rtl\">\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a 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