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\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0624\u064a\u0651\u062f \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u064618<\/sup>. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0632\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u062b\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0651\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0628. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0635\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u061b \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0648\u064f\u0635\u0641\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u062c\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0645\u0647\u0651\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0626\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627.<\/h4>\n
\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0661-\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0654\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064f\u0642\u0651\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2022 \u0627\u0655\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0648 \u064f\u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0655\u064a \u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0651\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0651\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0646:\u00a0Quiering, Miriam, Nationalismus, Moral- und Elitedenken in den Schriften der a\u0308gyptischen Frauenrechtlerin Nabawiyya Musa<\/p>\n

\u0662-Goldschmidt, Arthur, Bibliographical Dictionary of Modern Egypt (Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publisher, 2000); Talhami, Ghada Hashem, Historical Dictionary of Women in the Middle East and North Africa (Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 2013)<\/p>\n

\u0663-Steinbach, Udo, Die Arabische Welt im 20. Jahrhundert: Aufbruch – Umbruch – Perspektiven (Stuttgart: W. Kohlhammer Verlag, 2015), 52\u201374; Yapp, Malcom, The Near East since the First World War (London: Longman, 1991), 52\u201358.<\/p>\n

\u0664-Baron, Beth, The Womens Awakening in Egypt: Culture, Society, and the Press (New Haven\/London: Yale University Press, 1994); Badran, Margot, Feminists, Islam, and Nation: Gender and the Making of Modern Egypt (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995).<\/p>\n

\u0665-Badran, Margot, Feminism in Islam: Secular and Religious Convergences. Oxford: Oneworld Publications, 2009, 91\u2013106; Civantos, Christina, \u201dReading and Writing the Turn-of-the-Century Egyptian Woman Intellectual. \u201d Journal of Middle East Women’s Studies 9, Nr. 2 (2013): 4\u201331.<\/p>\n

\u0666- \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649\u060c \u0646\u0628\u0648\u0651\u064a\u0629\u060c “\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0651\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0637\u0627\u0637”. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0651\u064a 1\u060c \u0639\u062f\u062f 1 (1926)\u060c \u0635. 14<\/p>\n

\u0667-\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649\u060c \u0646\u0628\u0648\u0651\u064a\u0629\u060c “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a: \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0651\u0633\u0637\u0629”. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0651\u064a 1\u060c \u0639\u062f\u062f 2 (1927)\u060c \u0635. 27-30<\/p>\n

\u0668- Civantos, \u201dReading and Writing,\u201d 17\u201318<\/p>\n

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\u0669- Badran, Feminism in Islam, 100.<\/p>\n

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\u0661\u0660- \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a<\/p>\n

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\u0661\u0661- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647<\/p>\n

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\u0661\u0662- \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649\u060c \u0646\u0628\u0648\u0651\u064a\u0629\u060c “\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0651\u0631\u062c”. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0651\u064a 1\u060c \u0639\u062f\u062f 12 (1927)\u060c \u0635.13-32<\/p>\n

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\u0661\u0663- \u0627\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d “\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0642”. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0648\u0651\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632 \u0628\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631” \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0647. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u064a\u0651\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: Said, Edward W., Orientalism. London: Penguin Books, 2003.<\/p>\n

\u0661\u0664- \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c “\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629”. \u0641\u064a: “\u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646: \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627”\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0647\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0651\u0629\u060c 109-122. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0649\u060c 2001.<\/p>\n

\u0661\u0665- \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649\u060c \u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c “\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0628”. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0651 1\u060c \u0639\u062f\u062f 5 (1926)\u060c \u0635. 20.<\/p>\n

\u0661\u0666- \u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646: Badran, Feminism im Islam, 103.<\/p>\n

\u0661\u0667- \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649\u060c \u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0648\u0651\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0651\u0629”\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0651 1\u060c \u0639\u062f\u062f 43 (1927)\u060c \u062d. 31\u061b \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649\u060c \u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c “\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629: \u0631\u0624\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d”\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0651 2\u060c \u0639\u062f\u062f 62 (1928)\u060c \u0635. 20-21.<\/p>\n

\u0661\u0668- \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649\u060c \u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c “\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629”\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0651 1\u060c \u0639\u062f\u062f 28 (1927)\u060c \u0635. 32-33<\/p>\n

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